The genomes of species from bacteria to Drosophila show unique biases for particular synonymous codons—varying triplet base pairs that code for the same amino acids—but it has been unclear if such ...

Scientists trying to engineer biologic molecules with new functions have long felt limited by the 20 amino-acid building blocks. Researchers are working to develop ways of putting new building ...

When a protein is made, a chain of amino-acid residues is built on the basis of messenger RNA instructions, and this construction must be brought to a stop appropriately. Writing in Nature, Kachale et ...

To overcome the inherent challenge of translation termination interference caused by stop codon reprogramming in mammalian cells, researchers from Peking University led by Chen Peng from College of ...

Subhash Kak does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...

Proteins are built by mixing and matching amino acids, but researchers want to create new functions by adding noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs). However, this process often requires complex whole ...