Unlike the other tests described on this page, the test for carbonate ions works whatever acid is added. Explain why, in a test for sulfate ions, the sample is acidified with hydrochloric acid first.

Fluoride-ion and chloride-ion battery technologies have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional lithium‐ion systems, underpinned by the potential for high energy density and the utilisation ...

Cations can be identified with flame tests or precipitate tests using sodium hydroxide and ammonia solutions. Anions (halide, sulfate, and carbonate ions) can be identified using precipitate tests or ...