Motors differ from other types of loads in one important way: The motor needs much more current to start than to run. This temporary, but significant, inrush current is what complicates motor circuit ...

For electricity to flow, everything needs to be connected in a big ring. It’s called a circuit. For example, the lights in most houses and flats are part of a circuit controlled by the consumer unit, ...

Electrons in a metal form a Fermi distribution in equilibrium with a phonon bath. These electrons can easily be driven out of equilibrium, for example, by applying Joule heating 4. A key feature of ...