A direct relationship between data elements in a relational database. Functional dependency (FD) states that one data element is dependent on another. For example, social security number (SSN), ...

Everyone knows and loves the first three normal forms. We go through the process of normalization to remove redundancies in our data structures. But the redundancies we remove have nothing to do with ...

Occasionally one may hear that a data model is “over-normalized,” but just what does that mean? Normalization is intended to analyze the functional dependencies across a set of data. The goal is to ...

Normalization: How far is far enough? Your email has been sent Normalization is one of the commandments of IT database pros, whether you are a data modeler, DBA, or SQL developer. Arthur Fuller ...