In the world of psychological research, scientists are often on a mission to understand cause and effect. Does a new therapy truly reduce anxiety? Does a specific teaching method improve memory? To ...

The maturation threat can operate when biological or psychological changes occur within subjects and these changes may account in part or in total for effects discerned in the study. For example, a ...

Scientific research often brings to mind images of pristine laboratories, controlled experiments, and precise measurements. This controlled environment is essential for establishing cause and effect.