Background Hamstring strain injury (HSI) burdens athletes due to high occurrence and recurrence rates. Previous surface EMG evidence suggests reduced voluntary activation (VA) may contribute to high ...

This study evaluates motor control and learning by assessing voluntary ankle contractions and adaptive gait responses in participants. These assessments provide insight into motor function, ...

Introduction It has been shown that caffeine promotes vigilance, attention, mood and arousal 5. The potential mechanisms of caffeine’s action include its role as an adenosine receptor antagonist that ...