When the eyes are open, visual information flows from the retina through the optic nerve and into the brain, which assembles this raw information into objects and scenes. Scientists have previously ...

Studies of brain injuries and electrical stimulation seemed to bear this out. Damaging the Broca’s area, for instance, interfered with speech, and stimulating specific tissues could lead to specific ...

The 1950s were a relatively rudimentary era for experimental neurophysiology. Recording the electrical activity of neurons wasn’t uncommon, but the methods often demanded considerable patience and ...