Toshiba has overcome this challenge by developing a third‑generation simulated bifurcation (SB) algorithm. This ...

The algorithm relies on the Kac-Ward formalism, a mathematical method that allows exact computation of partition functions for planar spin glass systems in polynomial time, making it possible to ...

This paper develops methods to solve for optimal discretionary policies and optimal commitment policies in rational expectations models. These algorithms, which allow the optimization constraints to ...