Particle size characterization in nanosuspensions often focuses on ‘majority’ features of the size distribution. Yet, for various suspensions in (bio)pharmaceuticals or fine chemicals, small fractions ...

Protein-based therapeutics have transformed treatments for numerous diseases, yet their production remains highly complex and cost-intensive [1][2],[3][4]. Downstream processing (DSP), including ...

This article evaluates bulk analysis and scratch analysis methods for particle dispersion, highlighting the superiority of ...