A pH meter measures a pH or the acidity/alkalinity of substances. Most pH meters rely on a glass electrode that measures the number of hydrogen ions in the solution. Usually, pH meters need to be ...

Throughout human history, discerning sour from bitter tastes in both liquid and solid foods has been essential. For instance, vinegar and lemon juice are widely identified as sour, whereas soapy water ...

Chloride and protons perform important closely related roles in many cellular responses. Here we developed a ratiometric biosensor, ClopHensor, based on a highly chloride-sensitive Aequorea victoria ...

The authors consider several common techniques for verifying the accuracy of liquid-handling equipment and offer guidance for finding the appropriate technique for a given instrument. High-quality, ...