Topological relations form a foundational pillar in the analysis and interpretation of spatial data. They characterise the connectivity, adjacency, and containment properties amongst spatial objects, ...

The multi-level testing framework is designed across spatial relations, spatial scenes, and prompt engineering strategies, with standardized scripts ensuring normalization. Recently, the Journal of ...

Spatial relations in text refer to how a geographical entity is located in space in relation to a reference entity. Extracting spatial relations from text is a fundamental task in natural language ...