Unlike the other tests described on this page, the test for carbonate ions works whatever acid is added. Explain why, in a test for sulfate ions, the sample is acidified with hydrochloric acid first.

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method D4327-84 for analyzing chloride anions in water by ion chromatography is recommended (2). This method requires only a few millilitres of ...

Question: Recently, one of our builder client’s home owners requested that no chloride be added to the concrete for the winter walls. Our state design code required vertical structural steel ...

Cations can be identified with flame tests or precipitate tests using sodium hydroxide and ammonia solutions. Anions (halide, sulfate, and carbonate ions) can be identified using precipitate tests or ...

This study incorporated nanomaterials to modify traditional sea sand mortar to enhance the durability of marine infrastructure. It explored the effects of nano-silica (NS), nano-metakaolin (NMK), and ...

Flat owners of Shenzhen's Jiayu Garden, who suspect that the developer had used cheap sea sand in the concrete, are shocked to learn that a sample from their block barely passed Hong Kong's standard ...