Pioneering research led by Brazilians describes the immune system's reactions in detail in the first living patient to receive a genetically modified pig kidney transplant.

For decades, dogma dictated that the immune system consisted of two separate branches. Cells of the innate system respond rapidly to molecular patterns shared by a broad array of pathogens. Meanwhile, ...

Our immune system is divided into two main branches: innate and adaptive. Innate immune cells act as a first line of defense, quickly responding to invaders, while adaptive immune cells take a longer ...

Scientists generally agree that eukaryotes, the domain of life whose cells contain nuclei and that includes almost all multicellular organisms, originated from a process involving the symbiotic union ...