📘 A Masterpiece of Medieval Engineering & Innovation The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices by Badi‘ al-Zaman Ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari (12th Century) Translated by Donald R. Hill This extraordinary work by Ibn al-Jazari, one of the greatest engineers and inventors of the medieval Islamic world, stands as a foundation of mechanical engineering and automata. The book illustrates sophisticated designs of water clocks, pumps, fountains, self-operating machines, and complex mechanical

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